Birthplace: Hynice, Czechia
Died: 6-Jan-1884
Location of death: Brno, Czechia
Cause of death: unspecified
Remains: Buried, Central Cemetery, Brno, Czechia
Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: White
Occupation: Scientist, Botanist, Religion
Nationality: Czechia
Executive summary: Discovered the laws of inheritance
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| Gregor Johann Mendel |
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| Gregor Mendel Monk |
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| Gregor Mendel |
Mendel was born into an ethnic German family in Heinzendorf bei Odrau, Austrian Silesia, Austrian Empire (now Hynčice, Czech Republic), and was baptized two days later as Johann. He was the son of Anton and Rosine (Schwirtlich) Mendel, and had one older sister (Veronica) and one younger (Theresia). They lived and worked on a farm which had been owned by the Mendel family for at least 130 years. During his childhood, Mendel worked as a gardener, studied beekeeping, and as a young man attended Gymnasium (school) in Opava. Later, from 1840 to 1843, he studied practical and theoretical philosophy as well as physics at the University of Olomouc Faculty of Philosophy, taking a year off through illness. When Mendel entered the Faculty of Philosophy, the Department of Natural History and Agriculture was headed by Johann Karl Nestler, who conducted extensive research of hereditary traits of plants and animals, especially sheep. In 1843 Mendel began his training as a priest. Upon recommendation of his physics teacher Friedrich Franz, he entered the Augustinian Abbey of St Thomas in Brno in 1843. Born Johann Mendel, he took the name Gregor upon entering religious life. In 1851 he was sent to the University of Vienna to study under the sponsorship of Abbot C. F. Napp. At Vienna, his professor of physics was Christian Doppler. Mendel returned to his abbey in 1853 as a teacher, principally of physics, and by 1867, he had replaced Napp as abbot of the monastery.
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| Gregor Mendel |
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| Mendel |
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| Gregor Mendel and the Foundation of Genetics |
The Experiments
Mendel used 34 "true-breeding" strains of the common garden pea for his experiments. These strains differed from each other in very pronounced (visible) ways so that there could be no doubt as the results of a given experiment. Pea plants were perfect for such experiments since their flowers had both male (anthers) and female (pistils) flower parts and the flower petals never open therefore no foreign pollen could enter and back crosses (self fertilisation) was easy.
Mendel used seven different pairs of traits:
1) Seed form - round or wrinkled.
2) Colour of seeds - yellow or green (contents).
3) Colour of seed coat white or grey.
4) Colour of unripe seedpods - green or yellow.
5) Shape of ripe seedpods - inflated or constricted between seeds.
6) Length of stem - short 9 - 18 inches of long 6 - 7 feet.
7) Position of flowers - axial (on stem) or terminal (at tip of stem)
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| Gregor Mendell |
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| bonen |
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| Pea plant characteristics |
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| Mendel notes on some of his pea plant results in his handwriting |
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